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Hemorrhoids are a common health condition characterized by the swelling of veins in the rectum and anus, similar to varicose veins in the legs. Depending on the location of the swelling, hemorrhoids can be classified into two types: internal hemorrhoids, which occur in the veins of the upper and middle hemorrhoid plexus, and external hemorrhoids that affect the lower hemorrhoid plexus.
The development of hemorrhoids is attributed to a combination of constitutional factors, such as the weakness and reduced elasticity of the venous walls, and environmental factors, such as excessive and disordered eating, low-fibre diet, constipation, pregnancy, and strenuous physical activity.
Symptoms of hemorrhoids typically include itching, eczema, proctitis, fissures, bleeding, and pain during bowel movements. Due to these symptoms, it is crucial to manage hemorrhoids effectively, primarily through lifestyle and dietary changes aimed at combating constipation.
A diet for managing hemorrhoids should primarily aim at preventing constipation. This can be achieved through a consistent intake of dietary fiber and water. However, in some cases, hemorrhoids can also be triggered by persistent diarrhea. In such instances, it may be necessary to identify and manage the underlying cause.
Foods rich in soluble fiber are particularly beneficial for individuals with hemorrhoids. Soluble fiber can be obtained from various foods or through specific food supplements. A balanced diet for hemorrhoids should also include a good amount of probiotics and prebiotics, which promote intestinal health.
It is also important to maintain a balanced intake of proteins and lipids, which play a role in determining the fecal pH. In the right quantities, they contribute to a slightly acidic fecal matter, which is desirable for maintaining intestinal health.
Certain foods and substances can exacerbate hemorrhoids by causing irritation, inflammation, and vasodilation. These include spicy substances like capsaicin, piperine, gingerol, isothiocyanate, and allicin, as well as nerve stimulants like ethyl alcohol, caffeine, theine, and theobromine. Certain medications and laxatives can also contribute to hemorrhoid symptoms.
In addition to dietary changes, lifestyle modifications can also play a crucial role in managing hemorrhoids. Regular physical activity, particularly walking, can help prevent constipation and promote overall intestinal health. However, certain activities like cycling could exacerbate hemorrhoids in individuals with an established or recurrent condition.
Proper local hygiene, including cleaning the area after each bowel movement, is also essential in managing hemorrhoids.
In mild cases, several natural remedies and supplements can be beneficial. These include extracts or decoctions made from various herbs, warm water intake at the end of meals to stimulate natural evacuation, and local anointments with oils made from certain plants known for their health benefits.
However, it's important to note that hemorrhoids can often heal spontaneously, and the connection between healing and food, diet, and medicines can sometimes be coincidental.